动词不定式的用法大全

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英语当中动词不定式的结构叫做to do。它属于一个非谓语的结构。不定式可做除谓语之外的所有成分:作主语、作宾语、作定语、作状语、作补语。

动词不定式的用法大全

动词不定式的用法

一、动词不定式在句子中不能充当谓语,没有人称和数的变化。

二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(not不与助动词连用)。

三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能,可在句中用做多种句子成分。

1、主语:常置于句末,而用it代替其做形式主语。例:

To go in for sports helps you

stay fit.

It helps you stay fit to go in for sports. It is dangerous to swim in the deep sea on your own.

注:此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出,逻辑主语由of引出时,表语的形容词为kind,nice,good,polite,clever,foolish,right,wrong等表示评价的形容词。

例:It's right of him to refuse the invitation1.(him为逻辑主语)

2、表语:Our duty is to protect the enviroment.

3、动词宾语:此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。

例:would you like to see my photos?

Kevin planned to visit his uncle.

和plan用法一样的词还有:start,want,agree,hope,begin,decide等。

I found it very difficult to get a job.(it为形式宾语)

4、宾语补足语:

(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to。

例:I asked a friend to read it to me.

(2)在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词(see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,make,let,have,help等)后不带to。

例:They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.

5、定语:动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词的后面。

例:Vinny is the first disabled2 person to sail3 around the world.

6、形容词补足语:在表示心理、感情、评价等的形容词后,对其进行补充说明。

例:Weareverygladtomeetyouagain.

7、状语:表示目的、原因、程度等。

例:They brought in photos of their families for me to look at.

8、“疑问词+不定式”用法:不定式前可带what,who,which,where,when,how等疑问词,这种不定式短语在句中多用做宾语。

例:He didn't tell me where to go.