简单来说就是通俗、易记、默认的变化规则,这个规则大家学会规律就容易掌握:
a.一般情况词尾直接加-s. eg. desk-desks bag-bags;
b.以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词,词尾加-es. eg. class-classes watch-watches;
c.以“辅音字母(除a, e, i, o, u以外的字母)+y”结尾的名词,先将y变为i,再加-es. eg. country-countries lady-ladies;
d.以f或fe结尾的名词,细分为三种规则,需要注意:
先将f或fe变为v,再加-es. eg. knife-knives thief-thieves;
词尾直接加-s. eg. belief-beliefs chief-chiefs;
以上两种形式都有. eg. scarf-scarfs/scarves handkerchief-handkerchiefs/handkerchieves;
e.以-o结尾的名词,也细分为三种情况,大家可以记忆一下:
多在词尾加-es. eg. hero-heroes tomato-tomatoes;
以“元音(a, e, i, o, u)+o”结尾的名词,词尾加-s. eg. bamboo-bamboos radio-radios;
一些外来词、缩写词和专有名词,词尾都加-s. eg. piano-pianos kilo-kilos
一些集体名词的复数形式多为不规则变化,需要大家在平时多积累记忆。
a.变内部元音. eg. foot-feet tooth-teeth man-men;
b.词尾加-en. eg. child-children ox-oxen;
c.单复数同形. eg. sheep-sheep deer-deer means-means;
d.通常为复数形式. eg. glasses trousers scissors
e.“某国人”的复数形式,可分为三种,需要记忆.
单复数同形. eg. Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese
词尾加-s. eg. American-Americans German-Germans
变man为men. eg. Englishman-Englishmen Frenchwoman-Frenchwomen
f.外来词的不规则形式(需牢记). eg. analysis-analyses phenomenon-phenomena medium-media criterion-criteria