一、作表语:主语+系动词+表语(系动词有be, look, turn, get, become, smell, taste, seem, sound, appear, remain, feel)
看主语是人或物 V-ed人: I am bored.
V-ing物:The film is boring.
※“be+V-ed”也可能是被动语态:They were trapped.(状态)
They were trapped by the flood.(动作)
二、作定语:单个分词+名词/代词;名词/代词+分词短语(分词短语作定语可转换为相应定语从句)
看与所修饰词的关系:
V-ed被动、完成:guests(who were) invited to the party; a developed country
V-ing主动、进行:the girl (who is) dancing there; a developing country
三、作宾补:
看与宾语的关系:V-ed被动、完成; V-ing主动、进行
1、感官动词(see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, listen to, find)+宾语+宾补
2、使役动词(have, make, get, keep, leave)+宾语+宾补
※”make oneself+V-ed(understood, heard, noticed, known)”表结果含义
※ “have+sth+done”表示:主语请人或让人做某事/主语遭遇不愉快、不测的事/使某事被做
3、表示“希望、要求”的动词(want, wish, like, expect, order)+宾语+宾补
也可在V-ed前加to be
4、“with+宾语+宾补”在句中表示时间、原因、方式、条件等状语
eg. With the matter settled, we all went home.
四、作状语:可表示时间、原因、方式、条件、让步、伴随等,可转换为相应状语从句。
看与逻辑主语的关系:
V-ed被动、完成: Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks like a big garden.
V-ing主动、进行:Seeing from the top of the hill, we can get a wonderful view of the city.
V-ed、V-ing作状语,可在其前加上when, while, if, unless, once, although等,构成“连词+分词”的结构。