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nearby通常做空间上的接近，如nearby room。near指时间、空间、年龄上的接近；nearby用作形容词，意思为“附近的”。用作定语时，可以放在所修饰的名词之前或之后；而near既可作表语，又可作定语，用作定语时一般不后置。
near的用法
1、near用作形容词时，一般指在时间和空间相近或程度上相似,可引申表达感情上“亲密的，亲近的”等。
2、near作“近似，相似”解时在句中作表语,但nearest除外。
3、near指人或事物在时间或空间上挨近或靠近，多用于进行体。可用作不及物动词，也可用作及物动词，用作及物动词时，接名词或代词作宾语。可用于被动结构。
4、near多用于诗歌中，而少用于日常口语。
near的常用短语
用作副词 (adv.)
as near as
as near as make no differences
near的用法例句：
1、She is not herself. She came near to a breakdown.
她身体不舒服，简直要崩溃了。
2、Southbound traffic tailed back for twenty miles on the M5 near Bristol.
在布里斯托尔附近的5号高速公路上，南行的车辆排成了绵延20英里的长龙。
3、He awoke to find Charlie standing near the bed.
他醒了过来，发现查利正站在床边。
4、As we drew near, I saw that the boot lid was up.
我们靠近时,我看见汽车行李箱的盖子翘了起来。
5、The General does not like non-combatant personnel near a scene of action.
将军不喜欢非战斗部队人员靠近战场。
6、He was near to death after a car smash.
他差点在一场撞车事故中丧命。
7、The repairs to the Hafner machine were near to completion.
对哈夫纳机器的修理即将结束。
8、Joanne had a small dark birthmark near her hairline.
乔安妮的发际线旁有个小小的深色胎记。