1.单音节以及少数双音节形容词或副词大致按以下规律变化:
①一般在形容词或副词后面直接加er变为比较级,加est变为最高级。如:
old—older—oldest;high—higher—highest
②以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的,则双写最后一个辅音字母,再加er变为比较级,加est变为最高级。如:
big—bigger—biggest;thin—thinner—thinnest
③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,则将改y为i再加er变为比较级,加est变为最高级。如:
busy—busier—busiest;heavy—heavier—heaviest
④以字母e结尾的,直接加r变为比较级,加st变为最高级。如:
large—larger—largest;free—freer—freest
2.多音节以及某些双音节形容词或副词变为比较级或最高级时,则通常在其前加more变为比较级,加most变为最高级。
3.少数单音节,特别是分词形容词,须在前面加more变为比较级,(the)most变为最高级。如:
fond—more fond—most fond
pleased—more pleased—most pleased
4.有些的比较级或最高级有两种形式,如:
clever—cleverer/more clever—cleverest/most clever
形容词比较级有以下基本用法。
一、比较级 + than。
举例:
He is taller than I. 他比我高。(口语中可以用 me)
You should have told me earlier. 你应该早点告诉我。(在一定上下文语境中可以省略 than)
二、比较级前可以用 much, even, still, far, a lot, a little, a bit, slightly, completely, a (great/good) deal 等词语修饰来加强语气。
举例:
This room is much bigger than that one. 这个房间比那个房间大很多。
三、比较级前可用 any 或 no 修饰。
举例:
—— Have you any more? 你还有吗?
—— Sorry, no more. 对不起,没有了。
The train is no longer in sight. 列车再也看不见了。
四、more than 表示“多于”、“超过”、“不仅仅”或“不止于”等概念。
举例:
More than 1000 people were present in the meeting. 1000多人出席了会议。
She is more than pretty. 她何止是漂亮。
I more than saw it. 我不仅仅是目睹了这件事。
五、no more than(只不过,仅仅), not more than(不多于),no less than(绝不止),not less than(不少于)。
举例:
He has no more than five yuan in his pocket. 他口袋里只有五块钱。
He has not more than five yuan in his pocket. 他口袋里不超过五块钱。
He has no less than five yuan in his pocket. 他口袋里绝不止五块钱。
He has not less than five yuan in his pocket. 他口袋里的钱不少于五块。
形容词比较级还涉及三大基本句型。
一、more and more 句型,表示“越来越……”的意思。
举例:
The bubble is becoming bigger and bigger. 泡泡越来越大了。
He is becoming more and more active in his class. 他在班上越来越活跃了。
二、the more, the more 句型,表示“越……,就越……”的意思。
举例:
The more haste, the less speed. 欲速则不达。
The taller he grows, the more handsome he becomes. 他越长高就越帅。
三、比较级用于否定结构表示“再……不过”的意思。
举例:
I can't agree with you more. 我非常赞成你的想法。