介词又称作前置词,表示它后面的名词或代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句)与其他句子成分的关系。介词通常位于名词或代词之前。
(注意:介词是一种虚词,不能单独作句子成分,只能用在一个名词、代词或相当于名词的结构之前,可以与后面的词一起构成介词短语。)
简单介词包括in,on,with,by,for,at,about,under,of,to等。(to为介词,意为"习惯(做)……",后接名词,代词或动名词形式)
合成介词包括into,within,throughout,inside,outside,without等
重叠介词包括from among 从...当中from behind 从...后面,until after 直至...之后,at about 在大约...,after about 在大约...之后等
短语介词一个或两个简单介词和一个或几个其他词类构成一个短语,作用相当于一个介词,这就叫做短语介词。这类介词的末尾总是一个简单介词如 according to,because of,by means of,in addition to,in front of, in spite of,into等。
分词介词有极少数介词的词尾是"-ing",形似现在分词(其中也有些可做分词)。常用的有:considering,regarding,respecting,including。
介词后面的词是没有规定的.
介词+名词(指方位的,地点的,物品):at school,at home,on the desk
介词+动名词:He is good at playing football.
介词+表示时间的词:in the morning;at noon
介词+人名:Except Mr.Wang,we went to see the film.
介词+名词性短语:The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.
介词短语在句子中的语法功能是:
1.定语.如:The key to the door is missing.
2.状语.如:They are playing basketball on the playground.
3.表语.如:Japan is to the east of China.
4.宾语补足语.如:We consider education of great importance.
5.主语补足语.如:These machines must be kept in good cindition.