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i'm afraid that ...”中that引导的是宾语从句，that引导的是afraid的内容,就是为了什么而afraid。宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词的宾语，也可作介词和某些形容词的宾语。
I'm afraid that是引导什么从句
i'm afraid that后接宾语从句。
短语：1、I'm afraid that恐怕；
2、I'm afraid that I can't很抱歉我不能。
例句：I was afraid that nobody would believe me.我担心没有人会相信我的话。
I’m afraid (that) I can’t accept your invitation.我恐怕不能接受你的邀请。
3.I’m afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 恐怕我犯了一个错误。
4.So, what are you afraid of?那么你害怕的是什么呢？
5.Why should we be afraid?我们为什么会害怕？
afraid的用法和固定搭配
afraid的意思是害怕的;恐怕;担心的，它有多种用法和搭配，如：afraid of sth/sb(怕某事/某人)，afraid of doing(怕做某事)，afraid for sb/sth(为某人/某事担心)。
一、Afraid of doing表“担心、害怕发生某事，但此事未必会发生”，例如：
1.You need not be afraid of being punished。你不必害怕被惩罚。
2.He is not afraid of dying。他不怕死。
3.She seems awfully afraid of losing her job。
二、Afraid to do则表示“由于害怕而不愿意去做某事”。Be afraid to do sth=fear to do sth(害怕做某事)。
1.Don't be afraid to ask questions。不要不敢提问题。
2.She was afraid to leave her room。她不敢离开她的房间。
三、be afraid of sth/sb(害怕某物/某人)
1.She is afraid of this dog。 她害怕这只狗。
四、afraid for sb/sth的意思是“为某人/某事担心”。
he was afraid for the little boy.