【一般过去时】
1. 表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
[例句] She went to the zoo yesterday.
2. 在时间、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。
[例句] He said when she came he would tell her.
【一般将来时】
1. 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态, 常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
[例句] I don’t know what will happen in the future.
2. 常用来表示将来时的结构包括:
(1) shall / will + 动词原形:(单纯) 表将来, 一般不用于条件句。
(2) be going to + 动词原形:(计划)打算做……。
(3) be about to + 动词原形:即将或正要去做某事,通常不与时间状语连用,但可与when引导的从句连用。
(4) be to + 动词原形:预定要做……。
(5) be doing 表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,常与go, start, set out, leave, reach, arrive,
return, come, move等表位移的动词连用。
【现在完成时】
1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
[例句] —Have you had your supper yet? —Yes, I have just had it.
2. 常与介词for, during, in, within, over等引导的时间状语连用, 表示过去的某一行为一直延续到现在。
[例句] I haven’t seen my English teacher for a long time.
3. 表示反复或习惯性的动作, 常与several times, once, twice, frequently等频度副词连用。
[例句] I have been to the USA several times.
4. 表示从过去到现在没有发生过的动作。
[例句] I haven’t swept the floor for a week.
5. 用在时间、条件状语从句中, 表示从句动作先于主句动作完成。
[例句] I’ll tell him after you have left.
6. 在“级+ 名词”或在“这是第几次…”之后跟定语从句,从句用现在完成时。
[例句] ①This is the third time I have been there.
②This is the best tea I have ever drunk.
【过去完成时】
1. 表示在过去某一时刻以前已经开始并一直延续到这一时刻、或是在此刻前已经完成的动作。
[例句] By the end of last term, we had learned 1,000 English words.
2. 有些动词 (如: hope, think, expect, mean, intend, suppose, want等)
的过去完成时可表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图。
[例句] I had hoped to see more of Beijing.
各种时态的被动语态
被动语态概述
被动语态的概念:它是动词的一种形式,表示主语与谓语之间的执行或被执行关系。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者,例如:They saw the
little boy crying by the river. 被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者,例如:The little boy was seen
crying by the river.
被动语态的构成
被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。几种常见时态的被动语态形式如下:
1. 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词
例如:Rice is planted in the south of China.
2. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词
例如:These trees were planted the year before last.
3. 一般将来时 will/shall + be + 过去分词
例如:A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.
4. 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + 过去分词
例如:Your radio is being repaired now.
5. 过去进行时 was/were + being + 过去分词
When he got there, the problem was being discussed.
6. 现在完成时 have/has + been + 过去分词
His work has been finished.
Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t.
7. 过去完成时 had + been + 过去分词