先行词为anyone,one,ones时;
先行词为those,he和people时;
这些词代替指人,whom在定语从句中指人,"who"和“that”既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略,who作宾语变为whom),that可以指人也可以指物, who不可指物 。在从句中所起作用如下:
(1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
(2)He is the man (whom/that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见到的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
(3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 刚刚和你说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。(whom在从句中作宾语)
注:who在定语从句中指人,作主语和宾语,作宾语时可省略;做及物动词或介词的宾语,可省略。
2,which,that 用来指物(有六种情况只可用that而不用which)
(用作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略),例如:
(1)The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在从句中作主语)
(2)The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在从句中作宾语)
疑问词who用来对“人”进行提问,而what是对“事物”进行提问。那么我们首先来看下面几个疑问句:
① Who calls you?
② Who does he call?
③ What bit the fish?
④ What did the cat bite?
上面四个句子分别提问不同的人和事,意思分别是:
① 谁给你打电话?
② 他给谁打电话?
③ 什么咬了这条鱼?
④ 这只猫咬了什么?
为什么会有这种区别呢?
主要原因是who和what这两个疑问词在疑问句中所做的成分不同造成的。
我们知道,最基本的句子结构为“主语+谓语+(宾语)”或者“主语+系动词+表语”。其中,主语、宾语和表语都可以由名词或代词来承担,也就是说,这几个成分可以是“人”,也可以是“事物”。所以who和what两个疑问词在疑问句中是既可以做主语,也可以做宾语或表语的,或者说who和what可以分别对主语、宾语或表语进行提问。