already(肯定)
yet(否定/疑问)
just, before, recently, still, lately, never, ever, never, twice
on several occasion
in the past/last few days/weeks/months/years
(up to) these few days/weeks/months/years
this morning/week/month/year
up to present/now
so far
till now
since+时间
基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)+宾语(或者其他).
①肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语(或者其他).
②否定句:主语+have/has not (haven't/hasn't) +动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语(或者其他).
③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语(或者其他)?
肯定回答:Yes,I/we/you/they等(第一人称,第二人称,第三人称复数) have.
或Yes,she/he/it/人名等(第三人称单数) has.
否定回答:No,I/they/we/you haven't.或No,she/he/人名 hasn't.
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他)
⑤被动语态:
现在完成时的被动语态的肯定式为:have/has +been +done。如:
The experiment has been done successfully. 这个实验做得很成功。
现在完成时的被动语态的否定式为:have/has +not +been +done。如:
Tom’s novel has not been published. 汤姆的小说还没有被出版。
现在完成时的被动语态的一般疑问句需将have /has提到主语的前面。如:
Has his bike been repaired? 他的自行车修好了吗?
现在完成时的被动语态的特殊疑问句为:疑问词+have /has +been +done? 如:
Who has been invited? 谁受到了邀请?