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补语主要是由谓语性词语和数量短语和介词短语充当。补语一般位于名词后，用来作补充说明。例如Mary has long curly black hair. 在本句中，long, curly, black，三个词都是修饰成分。
主语的补语
（以下内容为口语中可以适用）
它用在系动词后，是句子的一个基本成分。常用主－系－表结构。（表语是主动的，主补是被动的）
1.. -- Who broke the vase? 谁打碎了花瓶？
-- Me. 我。 （me做主语补语= It's me.）
2.John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was her. 约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。（her做主语补语）
宾语的补语
不定式(to do)
Our father will not allow us to play on the str-eet. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。
We made him copy the sentence.我们让他再说一遍。(make+宾语+省略to的不定式)
He is made to copy the sentence.他再说了一遍。
名词
At the meeting we elected him monitor.在会议上我们选他做班长。
I name my dog Pit.我叫我的狗Pit。
形容词
What you said made Xiao Wang angry.你所说的使小王很生气。
I found the classroom empty.我发现教室里空无一人。
副词
Please call the students back at once.请马上回电话给学生。
He was seen to take his cap off.他脱下他的帽子。
现在分词
We hear him singing in the hall.我们听到他在大厅里唱歌。
I found him lying in bed and sleeping.我发现他躺在床上，正在睡觉。
过去分词
He saw his face reflected in the water.他看见他的脸映照在水里。
I heard it spoken of in the next room.我听到有人在隔壁房间里说起这事。