(1)Tom ran the red light.
(2)Tom's running the red light resulted in a $30 penalty.
第一句动作是闯红灯,发出者是Tom,整句话仅为主谓宾结构,Tom是毫无疑问的主语。
第二句,出现了两个动词,一个“闯红灯”,一个“导致”,语法上划分句子成分如下:
【主语】Tom's running the red light
【谓语】resulted in
【宾语】a $30 penalty
由于谓语是resulted in,并不是Tom发出的,而是某个行为发出的,Tom就不是这个谓语的主语。而running the red light这个动作才是Tom发出的,但是这个动作采用了非谓语结构,已经不是谓语,因此动作发出者Tom相应地称之为逻辑主语。
2.逻辑主语的判断
(1)句子主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语,它们之间是逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。
a.She likes helping others.(she就是helping的逻辑主语)
b.Moved by my words, her father told me the truth.(her father是moved的逻辑主语)
2.介词of 或for的宾语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
a.It’s kind of you to tell me the news.(you是to tell的逻辑主语)
这个句子中,it是形式主语,句子的真正主语是to tell me the news.
b.It is impossible for you to finish so much work in so short a time.(you是to finish的逻辑主语)
3.复合结构中的宾语就是非谓动词的逻辑主语。
a.The doctor asked me to answer her question.(me是to answer的逻辑主语)
b.I saw him playing at the river side.(him是playing的逻辑主语)