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2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）
英 语
语法填空
1.voiced【解析：该句缺少谓语，且根据首句可知应用过去时态，故填voiced。】
2.facing【解析：该空所在处为非谓语动词用法，且根据句意可知，此处表示主动动作，故填现在分词形式。】
3.myself【解析：此处指自言自语，且空前为介词to，故填myself。】
4.marked【解析：此处是非谓语动词做定语的用法，此处指地球日被定在四月二十二日，故用过去分词形式。】
5.in【解析：空后为年份，根据句意可知此处指第一次庆祝地球日是在1970年，所以此处填in。】
6.activities【解析：空前用various修饰，且activity为可数名词，故此处用复数形式。】
7.suggests/suggested/has suggested【解析：此处没有特殊用于某种时态的时间状语，且句意并未明确指出进行调查的时间，故一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时均可使用。主语是Research，故现在时态中要用单三形式。】
8.where【解析：经过分析句子成分可知，空处所引导的从句应与“What students do at college”并列，且根据空后的“they go”可以得知此处填where。】
9.who/that【解析：空后部分缺少主语，且此处为先行词是those的定语从句。先行词为人，关系词可用who也可用that。】
10.meaningful【解析：and连接并列成分，前面为healthy，故空处也应填入形容词，故填meaningful。】
阅读理解
【文章大意】本文介绍了一位心系学生的教授，无偿接送学生们，并因此成为学生们敬仰并亲近的对象。
11.C【解析：第一段提到Wilson总会风雨无阻地将家庭经济紧张的学生们送到课堂。此空后为“free rides”，可猜测此处指Wilson是向学生们“提供”免费搭便车服务。】
12.D【解析：前文提到了“free rides”，故可知此处亦指这是Wilson免费的、自发的行为，故选D。】
13.B【解析：pave意为“铺平道路；铺设；安排”；cover意为“遮盖；延毕；涉及”；measure意为“测量；估量”；wander意为“漫步；漫游；游荡”。该空后的64 000 miles暗示此处应是指行程达到了6.4万英里（约10万千米），故选B。】
14.D【解析：argument意为“争吵”；interview意为“面谈/采访”；negotiations意为“谈判”；wander意为“漫步”。修饰此空的短语为countless以及pleasant and humorous，故应指Wilson与他接送的学生们度过了数不清的、愉快且幽默的旅途，故此处选意思更符合句意的D。】
15.B【解析：前文一直在讲Wilson无偿接送学生们，故此处指他曾接送过的学生们学有所成，故选driven。】
16.A【解析：前句写了学生们对于Wilson的敬重，故此处进一步说明学生对他的深厚感情，故选A。】
17.B【解析：earn意为“赚取；获得”；receive意为“收到；接到”；assess意为“评定；估价”；demand意为“要求；需要”。根据后文“the trips”可知她也曾接受过Wilson的恩惠。】
18.A【解析：提示词同样是“the trips”，故可知此处还是在说Wilson的免费接送，故选A。】
19.B【解析：由前文“just sitting here”和后面的“with your headphones on”可知此处指令人不愉快的沉默，故选B。】
20.D【解析：由后文的so可知前后文存在因果关系，故可猜测Wilson会记得这些答案并且会在下一次的谈话中提及。】
21.C【解析：act on意为“对……起作用”；settle on意为“决定；选定；看中”；check on意为“上班；核实；检查”；agree on意为“同意；商定”。上文提到Wilson会对乘客提问并记下答案，故此处为下一次的路程中他会对答案进行“核对；检查”。】
22.D【解析：由前半句可知，Wilson参加了一个项目，因此是项目中要求他如何做，故选D。club“俱乐部”，league“联盟”，college“大学”】
23.C【解析：根据后文可知，Wilson不止完成了项目中要求的，还超出要求做了很多工作，故选C。】
24.A【解析：由后文可知，Wilson为学生们买食物，提供帮助，故选A，意为“协助”。】
25.D【解析：由前半句可知，Wilson帮助学生们毫不犹豫，故选D，意为“犹豫，迟疑”。】
26.C【解析：A“额外的”；B“不寻常的”；C“必要的”；D“充足的”，根据选项含义及句意“对于大多数学生来说，威尔逊的帮助不仅受到赏识，而且对他们来完成学业来说很有必要”，符合句意，故选C。】
27.A【解析：A“分享”；B“供以燃料”；C“修理”；D“交换”，根据选项含义来说符合句意，故选A。】
28.B【解析：A“需要”；B“允许”；C“提醒”；D“使确信，说服”，根据选项含义来说符合句意，故选B。】
29.A【解析：A“经历，经验”；B“布置，整理”；C“欣赏”；D“雇用”，根据选项含义及句意“但是对于威尔逊来说，他从这些经历中获益良多”，符合句意，故选A。】
30.C【解析：A“努力”；B“野心”；C“特权，优待”；D“便利”，根据选项含义及句意“威尔逊说，这对于那些孩子来说是一种优待”，符合句意，故选C。】
阅读
A.
【文章大意】本文是关于公益组织GDA的介绍以及将要举办项目的介绍。
31.C【解析：考查细节理解。根据文章第二段第二句中effective running of our programmes可知，志愿者经理主要负责项目的有效推进，故选C。】
32.D【解析：考查细节理解。根据图表可知八月开始的项目之由一个在South Africa举办。】
33.D【解析：考查细节理解。由文章第一段最后一句可知，GDA意在为贫困社区做一些福利工作，故选D。】
B.
【文章大意】本文记叙了Alice Moore作为年轻创业者发明AilieCandy的故事。
34. B【解析：考查细节分析。根据文章第二段"Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it?"可知，当父亲提醒她糖果会伤害牙齿的时候，她希望创造出不会被父母禁止的糖果，故选B。】
35.A【解析：考查细节分析。根据本文第三段both tasty and tooth-friendly可知，Cancandy一大特点是对牙齿有益处。】
36.B【解析：考查细节分析。根据文章第五段最后一句可知，She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile. “她希望每一个孩子拥有清洁的牙齿的同时脸上能挂着很大的微笑。”，故选B。】
37.C【解析：考查推理分析。从Moore的故事可知，她发现问题解决问题的能力很积极迅速。因此，积极活跃的点子和实际行动可以带来成功符合原文，故选C。】
C
【文章大意】本文为读者介绍了为何骚扰电话即将变得更加危险。
38. D 【解析：根据第一段中“We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools，apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately，it's too little，too late.”可知，作者对骚扰电话的解决方法感到失望。故选D。】
39. A 【解析：根据第三段中“A decade of data breaches（数据侵入）of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother 's name ，and far more. Armed with this knowledge. they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.”并结合整个第三段可知，通过运用新的技术，骗子可以了解到潜在受害人的更多的信息，从而精准地定位目标。故选A。】
40. B 【解析：文章主要讲述了随着科技的进步，新的技术被研究出来，使骗子行骗更容易。因此暗示着科学技术具有两面性。故选B。】
41. C 【解析：本文为读者介绍了为何骚扰电话即将变得更加危险。C选项概括了文章大意，适合做标题。故选C。】
D.
【文章大意】本文解释说明了由于气候变化海洋表面颜色变化的现象及原因。
42.B【解析：考查细节理解。 文章前两段主要讨论了海表面颜色变化的原因。故B选项符合原文。】
43.A【解析：考查词义猜测。原文vulnerable意为“易受攻击的; 易受伤的;”sensitive“敏感的; 易受影响的;”beneficial“有利的，有益的;”significant“重要的; 显著的;”unnoticeable“不显明[显著]的;”，故选A。】
44.D【解析：考查细节理解。根据原文最后一段a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener可知，浮游植物多的地方海面会更绿，因此选D。】
45.C【解析：考查主旨大意。本文解释说明了由于气候变化海洋表面颜色变化的现象及原因，故选C。】
绝密★启用前
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）
英 语
（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分）
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
第一节 语法填空（共10小题：每小题1. 5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
On the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I 1 （voice）my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years. I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously 2 （face） challenges. I know I will whisper to 3 （I） the two simple words “Be yourself”.
B
Earth Day， 4 （mark）on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated 5 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions（地区）. No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various 6 （activity） on Earth Day. You can plant a tree，make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save power—the possibilities are endless.
C
Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question 7 （suggest）that，for most students，it doesn't. What students do at college seems to matter much more than 8 they go. The students benefitting most from college are those 9 are totally engaged（参与）in academic life. taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources（资源），Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and 10 （meaning）college experience.
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time.
A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been 11 free rides to college students for the past eight years. Since he first started 12 his car to the young people. Wilson has 13 am astonishing 64, 000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous 14 with the students he transports to and from school. The students who he's 15 have gone on to become physicians, teachers and engineers, but what they've also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson. Some students 16 call him “Grandpa”.
Tina Stern 17 rides from Wilson for all her four years in college, and the trips meant much more to her than just free 18 . "It's not just a ride；you're not just sitting there in 19 silence or with your headphones on.” Stern said. “He asks you questions and actually 20 the answers, so the next time you ride with him, he'll 21 those things."
Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organisation. On Point for College. Although the 22 asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes 23 to ensure the welfare and safety of the students. If they have problems with registration.
Wilson is there to 24 them. If they run out of certain daily necessities. Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what's needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never 25 to buy them a meal.
For many students, Wilson's help is not only appreciated, it's also entirely 26 for them to be able to complete their college education. Some students don't have a reliable car, while others have to 27 vehicles with parents who work six days a week. For them, riding with Wilson has 28 them to complete their education — but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the 29 . “I just love driving and I love these kids, "Wilson said. "It's such a（n） 30 to be a part of these kids’ lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stories."
11. A. linking B. sending C. offering D. distributing
12. A. donatingB. lendingC. deliveringD. volunteering
13. A. paved B. coveredC. measured D. wandered
14. A. arguments B. interviewsC. negotiationsD. wandered
15. A. metB. drivenC. addressed D. conversations
16. A. evenB. everC. onceD. already
17. A. earnedB. receivedC. assessedD. demanded
18. A. transportation B. styleC. timeD. communication
19. A. forcedB. awkwardC. ridiculousD. suspicious
20. A. selects B. recitesC. guessesD. remembers
21. A. act onB. settle onC. check onD. agree on
22. A. clubB. leagueC. collegeD. programme
23. A. farB. aroundC. beyondD. forwards
24. A. assistB. watchC. urgeD. warm
25. A. expectsB. attemptsC. managesD. hesitates
26. A. extraB. unusualC. necessaryD. adequate
27. A. shareB. fuelC. repairD. exchange
28. A. requiredB. allowedC. remindedD. convinced
29. A. experienceB. arrangementC. appreciationD. employment
30. A. effortB. ambitionC. privilegeD. convenience
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Want to explore new cultures，meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time? You can do all the three with Global Development Association（GDA）.Whatever stage of life you're at，wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA，you'll create positive changes in a poor and remote community（社区）.
We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24.Now we need volunteer managers aged 25-75.They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes. We have such roles as project managers，mountain leaders，and communication officers.
Depending on which role you choose，you could help to increase a community's access to safe drinking water，or help to protect valuable local cultures. You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers.
Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally，you'll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness. You may have chances to meet new people who'll become your lifelong friends.
This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes：
Country | Schedule |
|
4-week programmes | 7-week programmes | |
Algeria | 5 Jul.- 1Aug. | 20Jun. -7Aug. |
Egypt | 24 Jul-20 Aug. | 19Jun.-6 Aug. |
Kenya | 20 Jul.-16Aug. | 18 Jun.-5 Aug. |
South Africa | 2Aug.-29 Aug. | 15 Jun.-2Aug. |
GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.
There is no other chance like a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities.
Find out more about joining a GDA programme:
Website:www.glodeve.org
Email:humanresources@glodeve.org
31.What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers?
A. To seek local partners B .To take in young volunteers
C. To carry out programmes D. To foster cultural awareness
32. The programme beginning in August will operate in
A. Egypt B. AlgeriaC. Kenya D. South Afria
33.The shared goal of GDA’s projects to
A. explore new cultures B. protect the environment
C. gain corporate benefitD. help communities in need
B
Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur（创业者）, who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13，her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids' teeth，instead of destroying them.
It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, "Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it?" With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
With her dad's permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.
Moore then used her savings to get her business of the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore's product-Cancandy.
As CanCandy's success grows, so does Moore's credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.
Meanwhile, with her parents' help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilicCandy's profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.
34. How did Moore react to her dad's warning?
A. She argued with him.B. She tried to find a way out.
C. She paid no attention.D. She chose to consult dentists.
35. What is special about CanCandy?
A. It is beneficial to dental health.B. It is free of sweeteners.
C. It is sweeter than other candies.D. It is produced to a dentists' recipe.
36. What does Moore expect from her business?
A. To earn more money.B. To help others find smiles.
C. To make herself stand out.D. To beat other candy companies.
37. What can we learn from Alice Moore's story?
A. Fame is a great thirst of the young.
B.A youth is to be regarded with respect.
C. Positive thinking and action result in success.
D. Success means getting personal desires satisfied
C
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don't know. By next year，half of the calls we receive will be scams（欺诈）.We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools，apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately，it's too little，too late. By the time these “solutions"（解决方案）become widely available，scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future，it's not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you're hearing is actually real.
That's because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation ( 处理 ) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use .At this year's I/O Conference ,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human –sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision A decade of data breaches（数据侵入）of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother 's name ，and far more. Armed with this knowledge. they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means. for example，that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller 's，ricking you into "confirming " your address，mother's name，and card number. Scammers follow money，so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone，and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by. or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like Face Time or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.
Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to harder from here on out.
38. How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robecalls?
A. Panicked.B. Confused. C. Embarrassed. D. Disappointed.
39. taking advantage of the new technologies，scammer can______.
A. aim at victims preciselyB. damage databases easily
C. start campaigns rapidlyD. spread information widely
40. What does the passage imply?
A. Honesty is the best policy.
B. Technologies can be double-edited.
C. There are more solutions than problems.
D. Credibility holds the key to development.
41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted
B. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Roboealls
C. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous
D. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
D
By the end of the century，if not sooner，the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms（海洋微生物）called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms，these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue，depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas，while reducing it in other spots，leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die，they bury carbon in the deep ocean，an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz，a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science，built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing. ”she said，“but the type of phytoplankton is changing. ”
42. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
43. What does the underlined word“vulnerable”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Sensitive.B. BeneficialC. Significant D. Unnoticeable
44. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B. Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes
C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate
D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
45. What is the main purpose of the passage？
A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes
B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain
C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans
D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished（完成）in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 46 Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent？
47 They focused on football，basketball and baseball. The results are mixed For football and basketball，adding talented players to a team proves a good method，but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent；above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly，this trend isn’t evident in baseball. where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
To explain this phenomenon，the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate（协调）their actions. 48 In baseball，the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high，team performance will suffer when there is too much talent，while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is. for example，trying to gain a high personal point total，he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate，affecting the team's performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told，“There is no I in TEAM.” 49
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team，some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war（拔河比赛），whenever a person is added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
50 .An A-team may require a balance-not just A players，but a few generous B players as well.
A. It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent
C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention.
D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）
第一节 (15分)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim打算暑假期间来北京、天津和上海旅游，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1.交通出行；
2.必备衣物。
注意：
1.词数不少于50；
2.开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
(请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内)
第二节（20分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上周组织了一次以“劳动最光荣”为主题的社会实践活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
提示词：西瓜watermelon
(请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内)
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