英语中的动名词是由动词变化而来,它仍一方面保留着动词的某些特征,具有动词的某些变化形式,用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念,另一方面动名词在句子的用法及功能与名词类同:在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。它也可以被副词修饰或者用来支配宾语。但它没有时态变化而只有"式"的变化,分为一般式和完成式。
例如:They run into constant discrimination in trying to find a job or friend.
在寻找工作和结交朋友方面,他们不断地受到歧视。
Living in digs means having one room in someone's house.
寄居的意思是在别人的家里借住一间房间。
动名词常泛指,句法作用宾/表/定与主,
时态/语态之形式,一般/完成/被动式。
Being done 系被动,不含任何进行意。
用作主语请留意,常用it作形式主语,
不指未来发生事,表达的信息系已知。
用作表语请记清,作用相当一名词,
检验方法很简单,主与表换位能成立。
用作定语也易辩,表示名词之用途。
用作宾语稍复杂,关键留意谓语动词
(跟动名词作宾语的常用动词附后),
时态同谓动作比较,先于谓动用完成式,
其逻辑主语不固定,在句中/句外均有之。
否定式其前加not,复合式其前加物主词,
非句首宾格词也可用,尤其口语中更如此。
说明:1、主-----主语2、宾-----宾语 3、表------表语 4、定------定语 5、谓动---谓语动词
1.作主语.例如:
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方与北方开战了.
2.作宾语
a.有些动词可以用动名词作宾语.例如:
admit 承认
appreciate 感激
avoid 避免
complete完成
consider认为
delay 耽误
deny 否认
detest 讨厌
endure 忍受
enjoy 喜欢
escape 逃脱
fancy 想象
finish 完成
imagine 想象
mind 介意
miss 想念
postpone推迟
practice 训练
recall 回忆
resent 讨厌
resume 继续
resist 抵抗
risk 冒险
suggest 建议
face 面对
include 包括
stand 忍受
understand 理解
forgive 宽恕
keep 继续
例如:Would you mind turning down your radio a little,please?你把收音机音量调小一点,好吗
The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.这松鼠幸运得很,刚逃避了被逮住的厄运.
b.有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分.例如:
admit to
prefer…to
be used to
lead to
devote oneself to
object to
stick to
no good
no use
be fond of
look forward to
be proud of
be busy
can't help
be tired of
be capable of
be afraid of
think of
burst out
keep on
insist on
count on
set about
put off
be good at
take up
give up
be successful in
3.作表语,对主语说明、解释.例如:
Her job is washing,cleaning and taking care of the children.她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子.
比较:She is washing,cleaning and taking care of the children.
4.作定语,一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途.例如:
a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台
a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池
有些动名词作定语,与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂.例如:
boiling point=a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸点
a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it 手扶拖拉机
5.动名词复合结构
物主代词/人称代词或名词所有格/普通格与动名词连用,就构成了动名词的复合结构.物主代词或名词所有格等是动名词的逻辑主语.
动名词复合结构在句中主要作主语和宾语.
The students' knowing English well will help them to learn French.学生学好了英语对学习法语有帮助.
I remember Tom's going there.我记得汤姆去过那里.