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天津2018年3月高考英语考试试卷及答案
绝密★启用前
2018 年 3 月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(天津卷)
英语 笔试
本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，共 130 分，考试用时
100 分钟。第Ⅰ卷 1 至 10 页，第Ⅱ卷 11 至 12 页。
答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。考试结束后， 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
祝各位考生考试顺利!
第Ⅰ卷
注意事项：
1.每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
2.本卷共 55 小题，共 95 分。
第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分 45 分)
第一节：单项填空(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
从A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
例：Stand over there you’ll be able to see it better.
A.or B.and C.but D.while
答案是B。
1.—Shall I tell John our secret?
—No, you mustn’t. .
A.Take it easy B.It sounds like a great idea
C.If you don’t mind D.It’s just between you and me 2.Professional skills are tools like a knife or a hammer. You need to complete the
things you want to do.
A.it B.that C.them D.ones 3.—What’s wrong with the door?
—The key has got stuck in it and come out.
A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.won’t
4.—I know you want to talk about this report, but I’d like to tell you about our new partner.
— . We can talk about him later.
A.Let’s stick to the point B.It’s nice of you
C.It’s really hard to say D.You’ll make it
5.It’s easy to get lost when you drive in a new city, so it’s important to a good
map before you set out.
A.study B.display C.deliver D.publish 6.Mrs. Taylor went around the shops, what she thought was necessary.
A.ordered B.ordering
C.to have ordered D.having been ordered 7.There was a long wait at the reception desk, everyone was checking in.
A.why B.which C.whom D.where 8.I jumped with joy the moment I my driver’s license in the mail.
A.receive B.received C.had received D.would receive 9.Can we stop the ______ of the world’s deserts and save the land that man depends so
much on?
A.loss B.heat C.spread D.defence 10.He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, which was his father
had expected.
A.why B.how C.that D.what 11.There have been many advances in medicine in recent years. That means money
for medical research has been well spent.
A.used B.using C.to use D.to be used 12.When people want to expand their knowledge, they usually books that offer
useful information.
A.point to B.turn to C.attend to D.belong to 13.Make sure you save all your work on screen the computer breaks down.
A.in case B.as if C.so that D.even though 14.Jane wishes that she foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college.
A.studied B.had studied
C.would study D.might have studied 15.What was it brought you two together? Was it your love of music?
A.as B.who C.that D.which
第二节：完形填空(共 20 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 16～35 各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中， 选出最佳选项。
Years of living with a lisp (口齿不清) had taught me it was better not to say anything
than to speak and risk embarrassment. As a result of my 16 , I felt distanced from most of my peers (同龄人). “Kathy? Oh, she’s quiet.” That’s what most people would say
when they 17 me, as if “Quiet” were part of my 18 . I was okay with that. I didn’t need to be 19 .
Last September, however, that all 20 . I started my creative writing class with Ms. Haist. Every day we would be given a different writing task and, if we wished, we could 21 what we had written. I 22 listening to others read their work and thinking: “That will never be me. I’ll never have the 23 to do that.”
One day, I was really 24 with what I had written and wanted to share. My heart was beating wildly as I raised my hand. Those 25 little voices were ringing in my ear, “You have a lisp, remember? 26 , your writing isn’t that good. Be quiet.” I was about to 27 my hand when I met Ms. Haist’s encouraging eyes.
I swallowed the voices down and let my real voice 28 . I could hear it 29 as I read, and I could hear every stutter ( 结 巴 ) and mistake. I finished reading, waiting to be laughed at. 30 , I heard claps from the class and praise from Ms. Haist.
The next day, I did it 31 . Soon I was reading out loud nearly every day. Gradually, I realized that 32 my lisp, the class and the teacher always appreciated my writing. Now I may still not be the most 33 , social person, but I’ve become better at oral presentations. I 34 read my poetry out loud at a reading club.
Every time those little voices try to tell me to be quiet, I think of all the encouragement I received in class and I know that I 35 to be heard.
16.A.embarrassmentB.excitementC.humorD.silence
17.A.heard fromB.talked ofC.called onD.looked for
18.A.nameB.opinionC.dutyD.business
19.A.seenB.heardC.followedD.protected
20.A.disappearedB.returnedC.developedD.changed
21.A.examineB.practiceC.shareD.copy
22.A.regretB.considerC.imagineD.remember
23.A.timeB.courageC.patienceD.evidence
24.A.busyB.strictC.pleasedD.disappointed
25.A.tiredB.urgentC.funnyD.cheerful
26.A.BesidesB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.Normally
27.A.touchB.waveC.extendD.withdraw
28.A.go downB.die awayC.come outD.calm down
29.A.shakingB.singingC.shoutingD.deepening
30.A.SadlyB.HopefullyC.HonestlyD.Unexpectedly
31.A.againB.aloneC.alreadyD.anyway
32.A.thanks toB.instead ofC.despiteD.except
33.A.seriousB.outgoingC.nervousD.hardworking
34.A.evenB.stillC.onlyD.seldom
35.A.fearB.agreeC.deserveD.pretend
第二部分：阅读理解(共 20 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 50 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
When you choose a higher education course, here are some tips for you to follow.
Choosing your course
There are a range of subjects and courses available. Many are work-related; others are academic. You’ll need to look beyond the course title because courses with almost the same name may differ enormously. For example, if you’re interested in construction but wish to use your creative skills, you may be better suited to a building design management course than a building project management course.
Style of learning
Think about the style of learning that best suits you. It’s important to study a subject that you particularly enjoy, but if you want to follow a career in a different area, you may consider taking the subjects you want to learn and joining them into one degree. Many degree courses are made up of different subject modules which deal with particular areas of interest.
Choosing where to study
Where you study can be almost as important as what you study. One thing to consider is whether you want to live at home or move away. For some people, living at home offers the best of both worlds, but it may make sense to move if you want to study a particular course at a specific university or college. Many students value the experience of living on
campus or in a different part of the country as an important part of university life.
Finding out more about courses
Once you’ve got a list of courses that appeal to you, it’s worth looking at some other sources of information about them, like independent reports. These provide information on the numbers of students who finished the course, student satisfaction and more.
Open days
Open days usually take place in spring or autumn. Although you may have an idea about what a course is like, there’s no substitute( 替 代 )for attending a class yourself. If you can’t come on the open days, you can sign up for a guided tour instead.
36.You need to look beyond the course title because courses with similar names may be .
A.creativity-focused B.work-related C.far different D.quite similar
37.What are you advised to do if your interest disagrees with your future career?
A.Add preferred subjects to your degree courses. B.Choose the subjects based on your interest.
C.Earn different degrees. D.Give up your interest.
38.What do we learn about from Para. 4?
A.Disadvantages of studying on campus. B.Reasons for choosing where to study. C.Importance of attending a nearby college. D.Problems of going to a faraway university.
39.Why is it recommended to check independent reports?
A.To increase applicants’ interest. B.To better understand a course.
C.To figure out how to complete a course. D.To find out how different the courses are.
40.On the open days, would-be college students can .
A.sign up for a particular course B.take a guided tour on the campus C.see whether there is a substitute course
D.have a first-hand experience of a course
B
With a satisfied smile, Keisha finished the last sentence of her English essay about one of her heroes, Rosa Parks, an important figure in the Civil Rights Movement.
“Keisha,” her mother shouted from downstairs. “It’s almost 4:15.”
“Don’t worry. I won’t be late. ” Keisha pulled down a storybook from her bookshelf， as she always read to the nursing home’s residents. And on an impulse(一时心血来潮),
she added her English notebook as well.
As Keisha came running in the door, the manager told her, “We have a new resident this week, Mrs. Ruby Watson. She’s still adjusting to her new surroundings. You’ll find her in Room 28. And by the way, Keisha, good luck.”
Keisha walked down the hallway at a quick pace. As she entered Room 28, she met two sharp brown eyes staring at her doubtfully.
“I’m Keisha Jackson, a volunteer,” Keisha explained. “I come here to help pass the time with residents, or read to them, or, . . .” Keisha started stammering( 结 巴 )as Mrs. Watson continued to stare at her.
“I didn’t request anyone to keep me company,” Mrs. Watson interrupted. “I’m alone most of the time, and that’s how I prefer it.”
“I brought along some funny stories,” Keisha said hesitantly.
“I’m not in the mood for funny stories,” Mrs. Watson replied angrily. “What else do you have?”
Nervously, Keisha opened her notebook to her essay. She read the title aloud, “Rosa Parks: A Woman of Courage and Conviction(信念).” She glanced at Mrs. Watson to see
how she might react, but to her surprise, Mrs. Watson’s face relaxed and her eyes shone. “Read to me about Rosa,” Mrs. Watson said.
Keisha read how Rosa Parks’ refusal to give up her seat to a white passenger on a bus in 1955 inspired the protest that became a turning point in the struggle for civil rights.
“I walked with Rosa Parks and Dr. Martin Luther King,” Mrs. Watson said with pride. “That was the greatest moment of my life because…” She paused.
“Because… you were a woman of courage and conviction too.”
Sitting up straighter, Mrs. Watson said, “Yes, I was and I still am. Thank you for reminding me, Keisha. Next Thursday, I will tell you my story.”
41.Why did Keisha take her English notebook along?
A.Her mother asked her to take it. B.She would hand it in on her way. C.She might read her essay to someone. D.The manager wanted to read her essay.
42.Why did the manager wish Keisha good luck before she visited Mrs. Watson?
A.Mrs. Watson could be difficult. B.Mrs. Watson was in poor health. C.Keisha was feeling nervous.
D.Keisha was a shy person.
43.Mrs. Watson’s eyes (Para. 10) suggested that she was .
A.amused B.puzzled C.annoyed D.interested
44.What effect did Keisha’s essay have on Mrs. Watson?
A.It aroused her curiosity in volunteer work. B.It built up her expectation for more visitors.
C.It awoke her pride in her struggle for civil rights. D.It changed her attitude to the Civil Rights Movement.
45.Readers may find this story inspiring because .
A.a girl enjoys learning about her heroes B.a girl helps someone feel appreciated C.a woman overcomes hardship by herself D.a woman gathers the courage for life
C
If you were bringing friends home to visit, you could show them the way. You know the landmarks—a big red house or a bus-stop sign. But what if you were swimming in the
middle of the Atlantic Ocean? Could you still find your way home? A loggerhead turtle(海龟)could.
According to Dr. Ken Lohmann, loggerheads have a magnetic(磁力的)sense based
on Earth’s magnetic field. It helps them locate the best spots for finding food and their
home beaches.
Scientists already know that several other animals, such as whales and honeybees, can
detect(探测到)magnetic fields. The difference between them and loggerheads, however, is the way they learn to use their magnetic sense. Young whales and honeybees can learn
from adults. Loggerheads are abandoned as eggs.
As newborn loggerheads have no adults to learn from, what helps them figure out how to use their magnetic sense? Lohmann thinks one of the cues was light on the sea.
Baby loggerheads hatch only at night. However, a small amount of light reflects off the ocean. The light makes that region brighter. Heading toward the light helps them get quickly out to sea, where they can find food. Lohmann tested whether newborn
loggerheads use this light source to set their magnetic “compasses”( 罗 盘 ). He and his
team put some newborns in a water tank and recorded which way they swam. Around the
tank, the scientists created a magnetic field that matched the Earth’s. They set a weak light to the east of the magnetic field. Then they let the newborns go.
At first, the newborns swam toward the light. After the scientists turned off the light, the turtles that had seen the light in the east always swam toward east. When the
researchers reversed(颠倒)the magnetic field, these turtles turned around and swam
toward the new “east”.
This and the follow-up experiments all showed that loggerheads use light from the outside world to set their magnetic “compasses” and then remember the “correct” direction. If a turtle hatches on a brightly-lit beach, that would damage its magnetic sense forever and make survival hard for the turtle.
Lohmann’s work has led others to protect the habitat of this endangered species. Yet many questions about these creatures remain unanswered, and researchers have a lot to study.
46.Loggerheads and whales differ in the way they .
A.bring up their young B.recognize landmarks C.detect magnetic fields D.learn to find directions
47.What is needed for newborn loggerheads to set their magnetic sense?
A.Weak light reflected off the ocean. B.Help from adult loggerheads.
C.Bright sunlight from the sky. D.Food in warmer waters.
48.In the experiment, after the newborns’ magnetic sense was set, their moving direction
was determined by . A.the light
B.the magnetic field
C.other unknown factors
D.the light and the magnetic field
49.What is the significance of Lohmann’s research work?
A.It enables researchers to keep track of turtles. B.It contributes to the studies of the magnetic field. C.It offers a new solution to environmental pollution.
D.It helps protect the loggerheads’ living environment.
50.What could be the best title of the passage?
A.Experiments on Loggerheads B.The Survival of the Sea Turtle
C.The Loggerhead’s Built-in “Compass” D.Comparison of Loggerheads and Other Animals
D
Most people aren’t good at creative problem solving for two reasons: (1) They are not trained in how to be creative. (2) They don’t understand group strength well enough to
harness(驾驭)their power to maximize group creativity.
A key element of creativity is applying existing knowledge to a new problem. The
more people getting involved in solving it, the more knowledge there is to work on it. Unfortunately, research shows that the traditional brainstorming methods fail to achieve that goal. When groups get together to exchange ideas, they actually come up with fewer ideas overall than if they each had worked alone.
To fix this problem, you should consider the two stages of group problem-solving:
divergence(分散)and convergence(集中). Divergence happens when the group considers as many different potential solutions as possible. Convergence happens when the various
proposed solutions are evaluated and reduced to a smaller set of candidate solutions to the current problem.
The essential principle of group creativity is that individuals working alone diverge, whereas group members working together converge. In groups, once a member states a potential solution, that makes others think about the problem similarly. That is why groups working together diverge less than individuals working alone.
Therefore, be aware of when to diverge and when to converge. For example, early in the problem-solving process, have group members work alone to write down statements describing the problem. Then get them back to discuss their descriptions. The group discussion will lead everyone to accept one or a small number of these statements to work on—this is healthy convergence.
When starting to generate solutions, you again want divergence. Have people work alone to start. Then collect people’s initial ideas and send them around to others and allow the divergence to continue as everyone individually builds on the ideas of other members.
Finally, let the group discuss the resulting ideas. This discussion will gradually lead the group to converge on a small number of candidate solutions.
This simple method works effectively, because it respects what individuals and groups do best.
51.Research shows that the traditional brainstorming methods .
A.actually limit group creativity B.greatly encourage group creativity
C.enable people to form more ideas together D.prevent people’s involvement in the problems
52.According to Para. 4, when a member presents an idea, others tend to .
A.think the other way round B.follow his way of thinking
C.be more confident in their own ideas D.be less willing to share their own ideas
53.What should group members first do early in the problem-solving process?
A.Discuss the problem. B.Simplify the problem.
C.Put down group statements together. D.Write down their individual descriptions.
54.How can each group member make changes to his initial solution?
A.By adding in collected evidence. B.By reorganizing his own words. C.By drawing on others’ ideas.
D.By making his statement briefer.
55.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A.To advocate a way to make group thinking more effective. B.To demonstrate the difficulty in organizing group thinking.
C.To highlight the differences between divergence and convergence. D.To show the advantage of group thinking over individual thinking.
绝密★启用前
2018 年 3 月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(天津卷)
英语 笔试
第Ⅱ卷
注意事项：
1.用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。
2.本卷共 6 小题，共 35 分。
第三部分：写作
第一节：阅读表达(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分，满分 10 分) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
For many teenagers, a job is a way to earn a little extra money. For me, it is more than
that.
At the age of 16, I was offered my very first job as a shopgirl in a clothing store. On
the first day, my manager was training me how to fold and organize platform after platform of clothes. The work seemed overwhelming, and everything had to be done in an accurate way. I got so impatient because I couldn’t get it right the first couple of times. After about ten tries, I had the clothes folded perfectly. Then it took me thirty minutes to get them all looking uniform. Now, I fold and organize clothes every day, and I’m able to do them well. Through this experience, I’ve learned to be patient.
Helping customers and establishing connections with them is one of the things I love most about my job. About two months ago, I helped a woman who was looking for a dress. She told me exactly what she was picturing—a blue dress with long sleeves and a lace neck. We didn’t have any such dress, and when I explained that to her, she wasn’t very happy. Instead of getting annoyed, I tried getting to know her a bit better and asked what the dress was for, so I could find other items in her size that could work. We shared our love of the Netflix fashion show, and she ended up buying $200 worth of new clothes, having found other items she liked. This experience has taught me to be more open with strangers.
Every job has its share of frustrations and challenges; to do well you must learn to deal with them. I’ve learned this from my own experience, and it has helped me in other aspects of my life as well.
56.What was the author’s first job? (no more than 5 words)
57.What is the meaning of the underlined word in Para. 2? (no more than 3 words) 58.How did the author manage to meet the customer’s needs in Para. 3? (no more than 15
words)
59.How has the author’s work experience changed her in personality? (no more than 10 words)
60.What job would you like to do? How can you help people in your work? (no more than
20 words)
第二节：书面表达(满分 25 分)
61.
假设你是晨光中学的学生李津。你在某网站的论坛上读到一位名为 Chris 的外国学生发的帖子，得知他有意来中国的大学学习。请根据以下提示给 Chris 留言：
(1)鼓励他来中国留学;
(2)说明来华留学的好处(如：加深对中国的了解，对个人发展的益处等);
(3)表示愿意进一步提供帮助。注意：
(1)词数不少于 100;
(2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯;
(3)开头已给出，不计入总词数。
绝密★启用前
2018 年 3 月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(天津卷)
英语笔试参考答案
第Ⅰ卷
第一、二部分(Key to 1-55)
1. D2. C3. D4. A5. A6. B7. D8. B9. C10.D
11.A12.B13.A14.B15.C16.D17.B18.A19.B20.D
21.C22.D23.B24.C25.B26.A27.D28.C29.A30.D
31.A32.C33.B34.A35.C36.C37.A38.B39.B40.D
41.C42.A43.D44.C45.B46.D47.A48.B49.D50.C
51.A52.B53.D54.C55.A
第 Ⅱ 卷第三部分第一节
Some possible answers:
56.Selling clothes.
Or: She sold clothes.
Or: She worked as a shopgirl. Or: Working in a clothing store. Or: Working as a shopgirl.
Or: She was a shopgirl.
57.Huge and difficult.
Or: Too much/Beyond me.
Or: Difficult/Tough/Hard/Frustrating. Or: Challenging/Demanding.
Or: Great in amount.
58.She learned about the customer’s interest and helped her get the clothes that suited her.
Or: By learning about the customer’s taste and what her dress was for. Or: She helped the customer to get the clothes she liked.
59.It has made her patient and more open with people/ strangers.
Or: She is (more) patient and more open with people/ strangers.
Or: She has become (more) patient and more open with people/ strangers. Or: She is more patient and open facing frustrations and challenges.
60.I’d like to be a teacher. I can help children acquire knowledge and grow up.
Or: I’d like to be a doctor so that I can improve people’s health and save their lives. Or: I’d like to be a policeman. I can protect people from danger and create a safe living environment.
* 以上答案仅供参考评分标准
第二节
一、评分原则
1.本题总分为 25 分，按 5 个档次给分。
2.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后综合给分。
3.词数少于 100 的，从总分中减去 2 分。
4.评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。
5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。每错误书写 3 个单词从总分中减去 1
分，原则上不超过 3 分，重复的不计。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。标点符号错误，将视其对交际的影响程度酌情减分。
6.如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。
二、内容要点
1.鼓励他来中国留学;
2.说明来华留学的好处;
3.表示愿意进一步提供帮助。
三、各档次的给分范围和要求
